Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - The Approaches and Techniques Used by Therapists

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There are a amount of cognitive behavioural techniques used in by professional therapists. These approaches are chosen to suit the needs and issues of the client.

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: an overview

Cognitive behavioural therapy is an arrival that looks at both behavioural therapy and cognitive therapy. It looks at why habitancy think and behave the way they do and then provides them knowledge and choice.

In simple terms, (C) cognition is the way we perceive and think, (B) behaviour is the way we react and behave and (T) therapy or convert is the formula for changing the perception and behaviour.

Common Cbt techniques include:

Exploring a client's irrational thoughts and replacing them with rational healthy ones Stopping unhelpful irrational thoughts altogether Gradual exposure to situations and communal skills training Assertiveness training

Cognitive behavioural therapy is often the main model and arrival for therapists dealing with the following issues with their clients:

Anxiety and panic attacks Depression Eating disorders, predominately bulimia nervosa Phobias

The above areas and issues rejoinder well to Cbt as it is widely thorough that perception is the key to persisting convert and unnatural or irrational perceptions are the root of these conditions occurring.

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (Rebt)

Developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s, rational emotive behaviour therapy (Rebt) is a form of cognitive behavioural therapy. It is a psychotherapy arrival that focuses on resolving emotional and behavioural problems and disturbances.

Rebt assumes that individuals are hedonistic in that they strive to remain alive and accomplish happiness. It also assumes that individuals are also prone to irrational beliefs, thoughts and behaviours that then influence them achieving their wants and goals.

The core trust is that individuals are disturbed by things, but not by the views that we take of them. This means that it is how we feel about something that bothers us, not the "something" itself. Therefore, if the individual can reframe the event, then it is an entirely separate emotional effect.

Ellis believes that a client needs to convert their trust law in order to deal with and administrate an emotional issue or problem. He created the Abc model: this looks at a disputing trust law that questions and challenges the existing trust system.

A - activating event
B - the trust system
C - the consequence, cognitive, emotional or behavioural reaction

For example:

A - person is asked to have a one to one with their boss without any prior warning
B - person is afraid of the employer and person with power, as they believe they are nasty and unfair
C - person panics and acts out of character and behaves irrationally

If the boss is unquestionably a threatening individual who commonly reprimands staff then this consequence could be appropriate. However, if the boss is unquestionably very fair and agreeable then the law has malfunctioned and a faulty trust exists.

The main error is commonly generalisation. For example, in this case habitancy such as managers in power are all intimidating and unreasonable. This means that the fault is often the mind over-grouping on the basis on one category.

You can then introduce D - the disputed trust system. This allows choices and reflection in the mind to occur. The disputed trust law will commonly take the initial form of questions. So:

D - is my employer unquestionably unfair. Am I maybe scared because I have had a bed caress with a employer in the past that bullied me?

Cognitive restructuring therapy (Crt)

Cognitive restructuring therapy (Crt) was industrialized by Aaron Beck in the 1960s. Like Ellis, Beck believed that irrational beliefs were the cause of a problem.

The key religious doctrine of Crt is that an individual's emotional response to an event or caress is determined by the known meaning located on it. This means that the interpretation of what we perceive is the key to our personal outcome. So, if we see, hear or notice something, then we try and gain an insight of that thing we have noticed. This means we place a meaning or an interpretation on that thing.

Beck believed that faulty and irrational beliefs spread in a specific manner. He believed that these beliefs could spread threefold and form a triad representative of the whole trust system. The three areas are:

The self The world The future

The self represents how the individual feels about himself or herself. This includes self-esteem, feelings of self-worth and self-image. The world is then the way the individual interacts with the rest of their experiences. So this is when the individual applies their feelings of self to the rest of the world nearby them. The individual then applies their trust to the future. This means if they have feelings of inadequacies or other such issues, then they portray this into the image of their future.

Beck suggested that these three areas of the triad had negative effects and worsened each other as each one undermines the next in a vicious circle.

For example: an individual may feel they are not good at anything they do. They may think that as they are not excellent at everything, then they are not good at anything. This is their self-belief. They will then believe that world thinks that are not worth or any good at anything. They will portray this image onto the world nearby them. They will fear their hereafter and believe that nothing will change.

Beck addresses this negative triad by developing adaptive metacognition. This is the process of teaching clients how to think about their feelings. This process teaches clients to notice when their thoughts are distorted and irrational and therefore monitor their negative automatic thoughts and make known choices rather than allowing their inappropriate thoughts to dominate.

Cognitive restructuring therapy has industrialized two major goals as it has matured. These include:

The client learns to spot negative and inappropriate mental whenever possible. The client will then monitor this and make the selection to substitute this mental with more realistic and thorough interpretations of the situation When the pattern or stimulus is too powerful, the client will monitor the impulses and accept their nearnessy but not give in to them. For example, the client suffering from sever depression will accept that they are depressed and that they have wee operate over that, but will pick to cope the best they can and not give into despair

The first point is most usual, as for many clients their issues are psychological in cause and therefore changes can be made.

The second point is about managing the health rather that curing it. Monitoring, awareness and self-management are all useful approaches to help the client suffer less.

For both categories, the key point is for the client to learn to recognize and alter their negative beliefs that lead to distortion. The therapist will help the client spot his or her own understanding patterns. The realisation of this patterns empowers the client to monitor and self-manage their response and behaviour.

There are a amount of confronting approaches used in Crt as a practical technique. Some of these include:

Specific Realism of outcome Context

Attributional therapy

Attribution therapy is a up-to-date improvement in cognitive behavioural therapy and considers the meaning we place on things, specifically what meaning or relevance the individual attributes to an event or situation.

For example: the client experiences a situation when their think they have failed. As a ensue of this they assume that they are useless in all they do and that their failure must have happened because of a specific fault, like they are not moving enough. Therefore they link the event and situation to their intelligence.

These individuals will also justify success and personal achievement as a fluke or luck, or advise that the task was so easy anything could accomplish it. This means they continue to reinforce their key trust that they have now formed that they are not moving enough.

There are two first-rate tools used in attributional therapy. These include:

Hand out and log sheets for clients to fill in with their thoughts. This allows them to log the patterns and analyse them Personal journals and diaries for the client to report their thoughts and connected subjects. Again this allows the client to analyse and recognise safe bet patterns.

The self-instructing training (Sit) model

Within the self-instructing training (Sit) model, inoculation works by the client construction up immunity to the old stresses and negative reactions and instead applying and favouring new behaviours.

The client will convention using convert techniques such as self-hypnosis and visualisation to help them become comfortable changing their old trust into their new safe bet belief. This will be done in steps to ensure that the client's trust increases, with each step becoming more and more challenging.

As a client succeeds at each of this stage, then their trust will increase and their expand will accelerate.

The Sit model is foremost to our insight of what techniques are naturally used by Cbt therapists as it sets the precedent that convert techniques are a natural and thorough part of a Cbt therapist's practice. These convert techniques and models comprise self-hypnosis, visualisation and affirmations.

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